LM358DR
LM358DR Dual General-Purpose Operational Amplifier 0.7M
LM324
Quad 30V 1.2MHz Operational Amplifier with Low Power Consumption
Technical Specification
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| Part Number | LM324 |
| Manufacturer | Texas Instruments (TI) |
| Description | Quad Operational Amplifier |
| Series | LMx24 |
| Status | Active |
| Category | Integrated Circuits (ICs) – Linear – Amplifiers – Instrumentation, OP Amps, Buffer Amps |
| Amplifier Type | General Purpose Operational Amplifier |
| Number of Channels | 4 (Quad) |
| Gain Bandwidth Product (GBW) | 1.2MHz |
| Slew Rate | 0.5V/μs |
| Supply Voltage Range | 3V ~ 30V (Single Supply) / ±1.5V ~ ±15V (Dual Supply) |
| Input Offset Voltage | 7mV (Max @ 25°C) |
| Input Bias Current | 250nA (Max) |
| Output Current | 40mA (Typ) |
| Operating Temperature | 0°C ~ +70°C |
| Package Options | PDIP-14, SOIC-14, SOP-14, TSSOP-14 |
| Mounting Type | Through Hole / Surface Mount |
| RoHS Status | RoHS Compliant |
Product Overview & Engineering Notes
Product Description:
The LM324 is a versatile quad operational amplifier from Texas Instruments, integrating four independent high-gain internally compensated op amps within a single package. Designed for cost-sensitive and general-purpose analog applications, the LM324 supports both single and dual power supply operation with a wide supply voltage range up to 30V. Its common-mode input voltage range includes ground, making it especially suitable for low-side signal conditioning, sensor interfaces, and embedded analog circuitry. The device delivers stable performance with low power consumption and a typical gain bandwidth of 1.2MHz, making it one of the most widely adopted op amps in industrial and consumer electronics.
Core Application Areas:
- Signal Conditioning: Sensor amplification, analog filtering, and measurement systems.
- Industrial Electronics: Voltage comparators, motor control circuits, and instrumentation systems.
- Consumer Electronics: Audio pre-amplification, active filters, and analog signal processing.
- Power Management: Battery monitoring, voltage sensing, and control loops.
- Embedded Systems: ADC front-end conditioning and low-frequency analog interface circuits.
Engineering Selection Guide:
- Quad Channel Integration: Integrates four independent operational amplifiers in one IC, reducing BOM cost and PCB footprint.
- Wide Voltage Flexibility: Supports 3V to 30V single-supply operation, suitable for a broad range of industrial and embedded applications.
- Ground-Sensing Capability: The input common-mode range includes ground (V−), simplifying single-supply analog circuit design.
- Design Consideration: The LM324 is optimized for low-frequency and general-purpose analog applications rather than high-speed precision circuits. For improved offset performance, lower noise, or rail-to-rail capability, TI recommends newer alternatives such as LM324B or LM324LV.
Supply Status:
The LM324 remains an active and widely available operational amplifier family from Texas Instruments. Due to its mature ecosystem, broad compatibility, and low cost, it continues to be extensively used across industrial, educational, automotive-adjacent, and embedded electronics markets.
FAQ
1. What is the LM324 used for?
The LM324 is commonly used for signal amplification, analog filtering, sensor interfacing, voltage comparison, waveform generation, and control circuits in industrial and consumer electronics.
2. How many amplifiers are integrated inside the LM324?
The LM324 contains four independent operational amplifiers (quad op amp) in a single package, helping reduce PCB space and component count.
3. What supply voltage does the LM324 support?
The LM324 supports 3V to 30V single supply or ±1.5V to ±15V dual supply operation, providing flexibility for different analog circuit requirements.
4. Is the LM324 rail-to-rail?
No. The LM324 supports input common-mode operation to ground, but it is not a rail-to-rail input/output amplifier. Designers should consider headroom limitations near the positive supply rail.
5. What are recommended alternatives to the LM324?
For improved performance, TI recommends LM324B (drop-in upgrade with lower offset and better EMI performance) or LM324LV for lower-voltage applications.
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